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Showing posts with label Pakistan Affairs. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Pakistan Affairs. Show all posts

Sunday, April 4, 2021

If I am assassinated - Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto

 Special Readings 

This book was in response to 1044 pages of white lies (also known as white papers) issued to bind Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to his death. It was in response to allegations that led to the overthrow of his government, the suspension of the constitution, and the enactment of a strong military law. It was a complaint about humanity recorded in a death cell. It was written under the most hostile conditions "confrontation with lies and truth":

The document was smuggled into Bhutto's death cell and eventually banned in Pakistan but printed in India. The appeal in this text shows a strong will ("..but my character is high because it is not made of burning wood") and the personality of our martyr leader facing death. It was written angrily and fearlessly but nowhere did it show a lack of high understanding. He was always referring to history and literature through research and scholarly work.


There was no mercy, in fact, his words were so often so vague that they would pierce and evoke angry feelings about him: “I say again, the solution, even if it is fading, is still visible: (a) The country seeks the Constitution (b) The nation seeks democracy (c) and farmers want the People's Party.

Zia offered Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in exile but on the condition that he would not enter politics for ten years. According to Benazir Bhutto, his father did not accept the situation. I am not sure if Benazir is right or as Pran Chopra (the editor who received this publication) stated in the introduction that Zia withdrew from his offer because he was scared after seeing the power of Ayatollah Khomeini during his exile in Iran, but in any case, the deportation option was removed from history. Zia was right (if that is the line of thought we choose to enter) because if Bhutto was in exile, he would soon overthrow Zia's empire. Bhutto’s charisma can be compared to Pakistani founder Mohammad Ali Jinnah, himself. He had the power of the people and there was no question of winning against it.

Repetition of plant negotiations with France in 1976: It is clear from history now that one of the main reasons the "foreign power" was referring to hell in eradicating Bhutto was related to negotiations with this recycling plant. Bhutto failed to "listen" so an agreement was reached: PNA will oppose PPP to the best of its ability, and they will be given a total of 30 crores if PPP loses. BUT if they can't win the Army will take over. Again and again, the new non-PPP government will end negotiations with France.

PNA failed and Army took over!

Bhutto is locked up for hanging.

The main allegations against him are:

1) Election fraud

2) Political assassination

The supporting “evidence” in the white papers was ridiculous. It sounded like they were just holding on to the grass. For example:

- Use of war names. "It simply came to our notice then. Bhutto that he thought the next election would be a war against the Opposition. Quote: ‘In short, it will be a detailed, non-invasive combat program. We must start a campaign against the enemy, start with our own strength and attack the weak areas of our opponents. "This war-like word occurs and re-emerges in the speeches and programs prepared by Mr. Bhutto and the confident ones". - Page 11, white papers

In reply, Bhutto sums up his feelings with this high level of stupidity: “Only ignorant people can invent images like these unless the intention is to insult and cause prejudice and hatred. Phrases such as "do it or die" and "do not leave anything to chance" are used to show the determination and readiness of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto if he won the election blindfolded and there was no need for fraud as mentioned above, he organized the election by taking advantage of the opportunity. He visited jaggies where the cleaners lived, going to distant valleys sometimes 3 to 4 times just to make sure his voice was heard. There is no chance that he would lose.

Moreover, the case itself was a facade. Mushtaq Hussain was appointed Chief Justice during the trial, the same person who was rejected as a Chief Justice candidate while the PPP was in Government. There were millions of such atrocities identified in the text. Journalists were beaten in public, members of the PPP were detained or killed, the Prime Minister himself was in a horrible death cell without even the basic rights granted to him as a Pakistani citizen, his family members were imprisoned or imprisoned, his wife attacked, his daughter imprisoned - This is how Pakistan's democracy was.

He was brought down in the midst of trials with an offensive tongue. He was always told to "shut up", "get up" and "take this person away until he regains consciousness". Elections were not armed; the entire justice system in Bhutto's case had been thwarted.

Pakistan suffered the untimely death of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Pakistan also suffered the assassination of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.

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Saturday, February 6, 2021

Kashmir: A Disputed Legacy by Alastair Lamb

 Current Affairs / Pakistan Affairs / International Relations (Suggested by Publisher)


The Kashmir dispute has dominated Indo-Pakistan relations since the Delegation of Power 40 years ago. The study traces the history of the conflict from its long origins in the early 19th century to the spring of 1990 when Pakistan and India came to the fourth armed conflict with this conflicting legacy. The author gives a detailed account of the history of the North Frontier in the last years of the British Raj, and shows how this could possibly be the basis of British policy in relation to the Kingdom of Jammu and Kashmir. Part 2 deals with Jammu and Kashmir since 1947.


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Wednesday, June 10, 2020

Monday, June 8, 2020

Pakistan: Manifest Destiny by Atiff Qureshi

Pakistan Affairs (Suggested Reading) Book-11













Judging the State: Courts and Constitutional Politics in Pakistan by Paula R. Newberg

Pakistan Affairs (Suggested Reading) Book-10

Pakistan has gone through several phases of Political Instability since her inception. Other then formation of a suitable democratic political entity the country has also faced rules by Military. In this scenario Judiciary has also played a vital role. With respect to the constitution building, it is evident that the first constitution was developed after 9 years of creation of Pakistan i-e 1956. The same was abrogated four years later and was replaced by another constitution in 1962. This constitution was authoritative in its nature and could only survive the reign of its creator i-e Gen. Ayub Khan. However the current constitution was developed by a democratic party of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto.
This books not only discuss the constitution development and different phases of the same, but also provides an analysis of Judiciary of Pakistan.
How the judiciary has played an important role in shaping the power structure of Pakistan as we see it today.

Back to Pakistan: A Fifty Year Journe by Leslie Noyes Mass


Pakistan Affairs (Suggested Reading) Book-09

This is a novel with mentions several factors of Pakistani Society. The depth analysis regarding Pakistani Culture, Politics, Education, Urban and Rural life have been given by the writer who is an eye witness.  Status of Women in Pakistan, transformation from traditional into the modern society.

The writer has basically discussed his own story and how he view Pakistan in general, but the book contains several dimensions which will help the aspirants in understanding the basics of different time periods.

As Pakistan has went through several phases of transformation, so this book provides a very good insight, not from an analyst or historian but a simple narrator.



Sunday, June 7, 2020

Conflict Between India and Pakistan: an Encyclopedia by Peter Lyon

Pakistan Affairs (Suggested Reading) Book-08

This book provides an in-depth analysis of Pakistan-India Relations since 1947 to the year 2008. The issues of mutual cooperation and the measures taken by both sides, as well as, the bone of contention, fault lines, wars and especially Kashmir issue has been discussed in detail.

Furthermore the influence of neighboring countries like, Afghanistan, China and Iran has also been discussed.

With respect to the topics of Pakistan and India Relations, Water Crisis and Kashmir Issue, it is a marvelous book.



Democracy and Authoritarianism in South Asia by Aisha Jalal

Pakistan Affairs (Suggested Reading) Book-07 / Political Science Book-2

Here Aisha Jalal has discussed how the system of government work in South Asia. After independence the two sovereign countries India and Pakistan have passed through several phases where India was able to maintain the status of a democracy whereas Pakistan has faced many dilemmas. The corridors of power have changed time and again and the country remains at the cross-roads.

With Special reference to Pakistan the author give suggestions regarding the system of government that can be fruitful in this country. She has talked about democracy and how it can turn into an authoritarian rule, if not applied properly.
According to her, decentralization is the only acceptable solution to this political chaos. This book covers important aspects of the Syllabus of Pakistan Affairs as well as Current Affairs for CSS.


Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy by Aisha Jalal and Sugata Bose

Pakistan Affairs (Suggested Reading) Book-06

The books is written in a unique style by the two historians of India and Pakistan. Both have tried to delve into the history and discussed Social, Political and economic aspects of the changing Subcontinent in early 20th Century.
First six chapters of the books discusses the History and culture of India, whereas chapter 7,8 and 9 mentioned the rise of British rule in the Indian Subcontinent. Afterwards it discusses the events from 1900 onward.
For the preparation of Pakistan Affairs the book helps in covering almost 40% of the Syllabus. Its not because the topics are not directly covered, but it creates an analytical approach towards the History. Whereas for the aspirants who adopted "History of Pakistan and India" as their optional subject, it will prove much helpful.




Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Militant Islam by Zahid Hussain

Pakistan Affairs (Suggested Reading) Book-05

This book explains the role of Pakistan's Security forces in the proxy wars. The writer explains the policy of engagement in the Afghanistan war of 1979, Joint covert operations of CIA and ISI in Afghanistan in an effort to help the local people getting rid of Soviet Forces.
The writer also mentioned the price Pakistan had to pay afterwards. The mixing up to Islamic ideology with militancy and the devastating consequences afterwards.
The writer further explains the issue of Kashmir, as well as the tribal areas (Ex-FATA) now a part of KP Province.
This book is not only an interesting piece of writing with reference to the Syllabus of CSS but it also provides a deep insight to the power structures of Pakistan.



Thursday, June 4, 2020

The Future of Pakistan by Stephen Cohen

Pakistan Affairs (Suggested Reading) Book-04

A comprehensive book covering a lot of topics of Current Affairs Syllabus. It will also be helpful in covering plenty of topics of Pakistan Affairs. The writers have discussed History of Pakistan in a brief way as to formulate a proper analysis linking the current issues with the past.

The structure of the Government, changes in the structure with the passage of time and the issues of Politics are discussed in detail, however, Civil Military Relations have been covered in a greater length.

Furthermore, the challenges faced by Pakistan are discussed with reference to the regional and International scenario. Options for Pakistan are also mentioned like Pakistan-China Friendship and Pakistan India rivalry.

The writers further explained the Role of Security Agencies in the overall administrative structure of Pakistan. Miscellaneous issues like population explosion and transformation towards urbanization from a traditional society, before concluding that the future of this country is still uncertain.

Click on the link below !


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Wednesday, June 3, 2020

Perception, Politics and Security in South Asia: The Compound Crisis in 1990 by P.R Chari, Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema and Stephen Philip Cohen

Pakistan Affairs (Suggested Reading) Book-03

The book was written back in the year 2003. The focus of the authors remained Pakistan-India Crisis of 1990. It was the year when speculations about Pakistan's Nuclear Program were on the hike. The discussion regarding Pakistan's Nuclear Program was surfaced almost ten years before these crisis i-e 1980's, but as United States was pursuing her policy of Proxy War through Pakistan, all the investigations were covered.

The role of Afghanistan war and subsequent collapse of Soviet Union has also been discussed to give a glimpse of international issued on the Pakistan-India Relations.

This book contains material for many of the topic mentioned in the syllabus of CSS, plus it is very interesting and grasp the attention of reader effectively. I hope you will enjoy reading this books, and do make your notes side by side. The link is provided below: